The Question Mark [ ? ]

PUNCTUATION -- Use of a period [ . ] -- The Question Mark [ ? ] -- The Exclamation Mark [ ! ]

The Colon [ : ] -- The Semicolon [ ; ] -- The Hyphen [ - ] --The Dash [ — ] -- The Parentheses [ ( ) ]

The Bracket [ [ ] ] -- The Ellipsis [ … ] -- The Apostrophe [ ’ ] -- Quotation marks [ “ ” ]

The Slash or Virgule [ / ] -- Rules for Comma Usage [ , ]

Use a question mark [ ? ] at the end of a direct question. It is considered bad form to use a question mark in combination with other marks, although that is often done in informal prose in an attempt to convey complex tones: He told you what!? That combination (or similar combination) of punctuation marks is sometimes called an interrobang, but the interrobang currently has no role in academic prose.*

A tag question is a device used to turn a statement into a question. It nearly always consists of a pronoun, a helping verb, and sometimes the word not. Although it begins as a statement, the tag question prevails when it comes to the end-mark: use a question mark. Notice that when the statement is positive, the tag question is expressed in the negative; when the statement is negative, the tag question is positive. (There are a few exceptions to this, frequently expressing an element of surprise or sarcasm: "So you've made your first million, have you?" "Oh, that's your plan, is it?") The following are more typical tag questions:

• He should quit smoking, shouldn't he?
• He shouldn't have quit his diet, should he?
• They're not doing very well, are they?
• He finished on time, didn't he?
• She does a beautiful job, doesn't she?
• Harold may come along, mightn't he?
• There were too many people on the dock, weren't there?
  (Be careful of this last one; it's not "weren't they?")

Be careful not to put a question mark at the end of an indirect question.

• The instructor asked the students what they were doing.
• I asked my sister if she had a date.
• I wonder if Cheney will run for vice president again.
• I wonder whether Cheney will run again.

Be careful to distinguish between an indirect question (above), and a question that is embedded within a statement which we do want to end with a question mark.

• We can get to Boston quicker, can't we, if we take the interstate?
• His question was, can we end this statement with a question mark?
• She ended her remarks with a resounding why not?
• I wonder: will Cheney run for office again?

Put a question mark at the end of a sentence that is, in fact, a direct question. (Sometimes writers will simply forget.) Rhetorical questions (asked when an answer is not really expected), by the way, are questions and deserve to end with a question mark:

• How else should we end them, after all?
• What if I said to you, "You've got a real problem here"? (Notice that the question mark here comes after the quotation mark and there is no period at the end of the statement.)

Sometimes a question will actually end with a series of brief questions. When that happens, especially when the brief questions are more or less follow-up questions to the main question, each of the little questions can begin with a lowercase letter and end with a question mark.

• Who is responsible for executing the plan? the coach? the coaching staff? the players?

If a question mark is part of an italicized or underlined title, make sure that the question mark is also italicized:

• My favorite book is Where Did He Go?

(Do not add a period after such a sentence that ends with the title's question mark. The question mark will also suffice to end the sentence.) If the question mark is not part of a sentence-ending title, don't italicize the question mark:

• Did he sing the French national anthem, la Marseillaise?

When a question ends with an abbreviation, end the abbreviation with a period and then add the question mark.

• Didn't he use to live in Washington, D.C.?

When a question constitutes a polite request, it is usually not followed by a question mark. This becomes more true as the request becomes longer and more complex:

• Would everyone in the room who hasn't received an ID card please move to the front of the line.